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Lec 10, Wed 02/05
range(), Loops
num = 1
while num < 11:
if num == 8:
break
print(num)
num += 1
print("Done with while")
range() function
-
Full format of the
range():range(start_at, end_before, step_size) - Returns a range object
- Can convert a generated range into a list
start_at = 1990
end_before = 2021
step_size = 10
our_range = range(start_at, end_before)
our_range = list(our_range)
print(our_range)
num = start_at
new_list = []
while num < end_before:
print(num)
new_list.append(num)
num += step_size
print(new_list)
while loop
A condition-controlled loop that repeats while a condition is true (i.e., until a condition is false).
while loop structure
while loop-continuation-condition:
#loop body
statement
[statement]
Make sure that loop-continuation-condition eventually becomes false
- Otherwise, you get an infinite loop
- To stop an infinite loop, press Ctrl+C from the command window
The keywords allow you to interrupt the regular flow of loops are:
-
continue -
break
for loop
A count-controlled loop that repeats a specified number of times.
for loop structure
for VARIABLE in COLLECTION:
#loop body
statement
[statement]
No need to use the counter variable inside the loop (demo)
Thursday (2/6) Lecture 10 Notes
- Q: When should the i start at 0 vs 1?
- A: When using i as an index, it tells us where we are starting at the beginning of the word or list, etc. So for this case, we usually start with 0.
Lab04 Questions
- Q: How to use
pytest.approxwith lab04?- A: Give it the correct, exact answer (do not use rounded value shown in lab instructions). If you use the approximated value, the value will not match what the function returns because the precision of the function is much higher than that of the approximation.
- For pytest, you can do
pytest.approx(100 + 100*(5/100/12)) == my_func(100, 5, 1)
- Q: Should we round our answers for lab04?
- A: No
- Q: Do we have to include pytests in our file solution?
- A: No, but feel free to submit your second file of pytests if you do create a second file
Code from Lecture
While loop practice
# Print all even numbers from 11 to 50 (not including 50)
num = 11
stopNum = 50
while num < stopNum:
if num % 2 == 0:
print(num)
num += 1
# Print 5 numbers divisible by 7 from [20,30]
start = 20
stop = 80
num = start
count = 1 # could also start at 0. If you start at zero, later you would use < rather than <=
print("matches the second if: ")
while num <= stop:
if num % 7 == 0:
if count <= 5: # Check that you have not yet printed 5
print(num)
count += 1
else:
break
num += 1
Question: Why is the second “if” indented? Why is the “else: not indented? Question: What happens if the “else” is in-line with the first “if” instead, like so?
print("Else matches the second if: ")
while num <= stop:
if num % 7 == 0:
if count <= 5: # Check that you have not yet printed 5
print(num)
count += 1
else:
break
num += 1
Lab04 Attempt
account = 100
rate = 5
# so after the first month, the rate is .05/12 = 0.00417
monthly_rate = rate / 100 / 12
value_in_account = account * (1 + monthly_rate)
print(value_in_account)
# For pytest, you can do pytest.approx(100 + 100*(5/100/12)) == my_func(100, 5, 1)
range() function
start_at = 14
end_before = 29
step_size = 3
our_range = range(start_at, end_before, step_size)
print(type(our_range))
print(our_range)
print(list(our_range)) # convert into a list
# Simulate the range with a while loop
num = start_at
while num < end_before:
print(num)
num += step_size
def rangeAsList(start, end, step):
#returns range as a list
num = start
lst = []
while num < end:
lst.append(num)
num += step
return lst # must be outside of the while loop!
new_range = rangeAsList(start_at, end_before, step_size)
print("Custom range as a list")
print(new_range)
start_at = 0 # default
end_before = 10
step_size = 1 # default
print("Range with all 3 values:")
print("start_at",start_at,"end_before",end_before,"step_size",step_size)
our_range = (start_at, end_before, step_size)
print(our_range)
print("Range with 2 values:")
print("start_at",start_at,"end_before",end_before)
our_range = (start_at, end_before)
print(our_range)
print("Range with 1 value:")
print("end_before",end_before)
our_range = (end_before)
print(our_range)
start_at = 14
end_before = 29
step_size = 3
num = start_at
while num < end_before:
print(num)
num += step_size
print("now, with a for loop")
for num in range(start_at, end_before, step_size):
print(num)
step_size = 1 # default
word = "CS8"
i = 0
print("Print word with a while loop")
while i < len(word):
print(word[i])
i += 1
print("Print word with a for loop")
for i in range(len(word)): # same as range(0, len(word), 1)
print(word[i])
print("Print word with 'for character in word'")
for character in word:
print(character)
for course in ["CS8", "CS16", "CS24"]:
if course == "CS16":
print("I'm done")
break
print("I want to take", course)
what happens if I switch “break” to “continue”?
for course in ["CS8", "CS16", "CS24"]:
if course == "CS16":
print("I'm done")
continue
print("I want to take", course)
Question: How can we use nested for loops to iterate through each character in a list of words?
Nested for loops
for course in ["CS8", "CS16", "CS24"]:
print("Every character in", course)
for letter in course:
print(letter)
word = "CS8"
i = 0
while i < len(word)
print(word[i])
i += 1
for i in range(0, len(word), 1):
print(word[i])
num = 8
i = 0
while i < num:
print("Hello, World!")
i += 1
for i in range(num):
print("Hello, World!")